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rip saw
A rip saw is a wood saw that is specially designed for making a rip cut, a cut made parallel to the direction of the wood grain
The cutting edge of each tooth has a flat front edge and it is angled backward by about 8°, in contrast to a crosscut saw, which has teeth angled backward by about 15°. Another difference from the crosscut saw is that the edges are sharpened at right angles to the cutting plane, forming chisel-like cutting surfaces, whereas the crosscut saw is sharpened at an angle, so that each tooth has a knife-like cutting point in contact with the wood.〔 This design keeps the saw from following grain lines, which could curve the path of the saw: by acting like a chisel, the saw can more easily cut across deviating grain lines, which is necessary if a straight cut is to be achieved. This feature enables the orthogonal cutting edge to efficiently transport wood-chips from the kerf, allowing subsequent teeth to perform a more effective cut. It is possible to see this material removal mechanism in action by analyzing frame by frame footage of the cutting process. Rip saws typically have 4-10 teeth per inch, making them relatively coarse.
All sawmills use rip saws of various types including the circular saw and band saw. Historically sawmills used one or more reciprocating saws more specifically known as an "up-and-down" or "upright saw" which are of two basic types, the frame saw or a muley (mulay) saw〔''New international encyclopedia'', 2nd ed. Volume 20. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co. 1916. 601.〕 which is similar to the hand powered pit saw. Some sawmills also use crosscut saws to cut boards and planks to length.
On the vast majority of saws throughout the world, the teeth are designed to cut when the saw is being pushed through the wood (on the push stroke or down stroke). However, some saws (such as Japanese saws and the saws used by Ancient Egyptians) are designed to cut on the pull stroke.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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